In MG, the underlyings were short positions in long-term forward contracts to deliver oil. The hedge was a stack-and-roll hedge: long positions in short-term futures contracts that were rolled over consecutively. The strategy depended on the continuation of (i) stable or gently increasing spot oil prices and (ii) backwardation
SaR is value at risk (VaR) for a pension fund.
The best hedge is based on portfolio volatility in the mean-variance framework. Specifically, 1. Given a current portfolio with value (W), and 2. Given an asset (A) with correlation (rho) to the portfolio, 3. What is the trade that produces the minimum volatility for the new portfolio (W+a)?
RAPMs are variations of: return per unit of risk. Treynor and Sharpe are similar: both are excess return per unit of risk. Treynor defines risk as systematic risk (beta) and is therefore appropriate to well-diversified portfolios (i.e., into such portfolios idiosyncratic risk is eliminated); Sharpe defines risk as total risk (volatility). Jensen’s alpha is outperformance relative to expected performance under CAPM.
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